Lack of Attention = Absentmindedness.
Now pay attention and don’t forget to keep this in mind.
When did I leave my keys in the refrigerator?
Absent-mindedness is where attention and memory come together……or apart as it were. The Oxford English Dictionary cites the earliest evidence for the term absent-minded as 1824 in an essay by author, biographer, and historian Thomas Carlyle. “Absence of mind "habitual or temporary forgetfulness". Absent-mindedness refers to a cognitive state where a person is forgetful or inattentive, often leading to lapses in memory or awareness in daily activities. Like when someone sprays the flowers in his garden with weed killer instead of Deer Out. This never happened to me. I’ve heard it takes a day or so for them to turn brown. This phenomenon can be caused by distractions, stress, or multitasking, making it challenging to focus on the present moment - like attempting open the door to your house with your car key fob. Lapses in attention directly relate to being absent minded. Daniel L. Schacter and Chad S. Dodson, of the Harvard Psychology department, note in the riveting journal Psychonomic Bulletin & Review that in the context of memory, "absent-mindedness entails inattentive or shallow processing that contributes to weak memories of ongoing events or forgetting to do things in the future". You live in New York City. There was 2 ft. of snow overnight. You have an important appointment today. Your focus is how long will it take to dig out your green Toyota Corolla which you parked down on the next block from your apartment two days ago? What are the road conditions? Am I prepared for the appointment? Will I find a parking spot there? Will I find a parking space when I get home? You’re not really focusing on the digging out the car part. Many cars look similar when covered with 2 ft. of snow. The size, shape and preliminary wiping indicate a green car. With 1/4 of the job complete, yes, it is a green Toyota Corolla. Unfortunately, it is not your green Toyota Corolla. The owner of this green Corolla will be either very grateful or very alarmed. Your green Corolla, you now recall, is parked four cars further down the block. Never happened to me.
People may be talking. They may be yelling. They may be waving their arms and gesticulating. Their lips are moving. You are looking at them, but you are tuned out. You may even be nodding and smiling in agreement, but you are not really paying attention although they probably think you are. Yes, we are all masters of what I call, Open Eye Coma. It is not paying attention while seemingly paying attention, frequently for extended periods of time. We develop it during early childhood at home while ignoring our parents. We begin to master the skill in school, and we continue to perfect it as we go through life. There is even an official name. Psychologists call it Optimal Inattention. My mother would call it “in one ear and out the other”. I even experienced open-eyed coma as my eyes perused some rather obtuse scholarly papers and abstracts on attention and absent mindedness as I researched for this essay. I would read the entire article. Well, most of it. Don’t remember a word of it. Lack of attention makes you absent minded. William James, the father of psychology, (Mary Whiton Calkins was the mother of psychology), said during the 19th century, “Everyone knows what attention is. It's the taking possession by the mind in clear and vivid form of one out of what seems several simultaneously possible objects or trains of thought.” You are having breakfast with a group of people at a professional conference. Everyone is talking at once. You are trying to listen to overlapping conversations and - instead of the maple syrup - you pour the coffee from the silver-colored jug onto your French toast. Never happened to me. Abby receives a phone call from her friend, Lynn. They talk for a few minutes. Suddenly Abby says in panic. “I can’t find my phone!” Lynn says, “you’re talking on it”.
Paying attention is the root of the issue and that leads us to attention span. How is absent-mindedness related to attention? Thinking of other things, you put on your boxer shorts, but you are already wearing another pair of boxer shorts. Never happened to me. We know that our attention has a limited capacity according to Sanbonmatsu, Strayer, Biondi, Behrends, & Moore, 2015. One theory suggests that when our limited attentional resource is occupied, the rate of absent-mindedness may increase. This means pointing the wrong end of the remote at the TV set………….repeatedly. Never happened to me.
A brain region, the prefrontal cortex (PFC) selects what information to focus on. The frontal lobe is the part of the brain that helps people to organize, plan, pay attention, and make decisions. Parts of the frontal lobe may mature a few years later in people with ADHD.
Our attention has limited capacity. When we are focusing on a specific behavior or activity, we end up paying little attention to other actions or events in our surroundings. Margaret was visiting the supermarket. The main objective was the purchase of raw almonds and walnuts. On the way to the nut shelves and almond land, she noticed an interesting Irish sharp cheddar cheese and then a brie in the cheese section and then recalled that she was low on Kedem Tea Biscuits. She went off to the biscuit aisle. Then she saw that wine was on sale. 15% off plus Senior Discount! She browsed and purchased wine. They give you these nice little six bottle wine carry bags. How thoughtful. She saved quite a bit of money and was very happy with her purchases as she checked out. When she got home, I asked if the almonds were back in stock. That’s the story she told.
Attention plays an important role in memory – we often forget things because we weren’t paying enough attention to them in the first place. Storing information in memory is called encoding. If you just attend to something superficially, that information is not encoded, you are not likely to remember it.
In a now infamous 2015 report on attention span, the Consumer Insights team of Microsoft Canada claimed that the average human attention span was down from 12 seconds in the year 2000 to eight seconds in 2015. They claimed that is less than the nine-second attention span of your average goldfish. Sounds fishy. It is fishy. It is not true. It is a myth and, as we all know, a myth is a female moth. The media, of course, was frothing over this report and it took 2 years for the report to flounder and be proven to be flukey fake. Simon Maybin looked into the origins of the myth in a 2017 BBC article and discovered that there are no statistics to back it up. None. There is no evidence that goldfish - or fish in general have particularly short attention spans or memories, despite the attempted insertion into popular culture. Now, on the other hand, guppies………
When I was a speaker at science education conferences, I reminded my audiences that as a general rule, in a classroom, most children can focus for a number of minutes equal to their age + 2 minutes. Therefore a 7-year-old – 9 minutes, a 10-year-old, for 12 minutes, a 12-year-old can focus for about 14 minutes. In fact, adults cannot usually focus for more than 15-20 minutes at a time. After this time the brain needs some time to process the information in a different way so you should change your approach, continue the message but deliver it differently. Or just give it a rest for a few minutes. Or tell a joke. I never did that of course. Several authors claim that attention span declines precipitously after 10–15 minutes. As a result of those claims, it is often suggested that presentations/lectures/talks should last no more than 10–15 min to accommodate the biological set point of our attention span. I started thinking about some sermons in church. Pay attention! The most recent attention span research indicates attention spans of 9–10 years old: 20-30 minutes, 11-12 years old: 25-35 minutes, 13-15 years old: 30-40 minutes, 16+ years old: 32-50+ minutes.
Getting someone’s attention is not usually the problem. Keeping it can be. People have an internal radio station, WIFM – What’s In it For Me. Chances are that they will pay attention if there is something of value for them.
Attention control is affected by how much attention we give each task. We only have a finite amount of attentional resources, and each task requires different levels of attention. This can lead to absentmindedness, that cognitive bias, which is, as noted, the failure to attend to a task resulting in mistakes and forgetful behavior particularly when two tasks are being attempted simultaneously. You put on a pot of water to boil. Then you throw in some pasta. As long as the pasta is heating up you might as well attend to other tasks. While you are in another room vacuuming, the smoke alarm goes off and you end up with charbroiled pasta. Although sometimes you fill the pot with water and attend to other tasks and think, “gee, is the water boiling?” When you check you realize that you did not turn the burner on after you filled the pot. Other times you forget to put the water in. Life can be difficult sometimes.
Multitasking often leads to absentmindedness. It is not always the positive attribute it is made out to be. You’re holding your phone and a sandwich, and you bite the phone. Or, you are holding a cup of coffee, you turn your wrist to check your watch, the cup of coffee is in the same hand as your watch. I saw that in a Laurel and Hardy movie but I’m sure it occurs every day in real life. Life imitates art. You leave the house with lots on your mind and then have to turn around multiple times to check if you remembered your wallet, keys, phone. Never happened to me.
There are several factors that affect attention and lead to you being absent minded; 1. Lack of Focus and Concentration 2. Stress and Anxiety. Chronic stress and anxiety overload your mind and impair your memory. When you’re frazzled, your mind is preoccupied with worries and less able to concentrate on routine tasks. 3. Multitasking 4. Sleep Deprivation - Most adults need 7-9 hours of sleep per night to function at their best. Less than that, and your memory, focus and decision making suffer 5. Information Overload (see lectures, college) 6. Relying Too Much on Technology (a danger of Artificial Intelligence )7. Aging and Memory Decline 8. Medications and Health Issues 9. Poor Organization and Planning. 10. Boring lectures, conversations, instructions, people, movies, TV shows, books……….
As for aging and memory decline, there is the story of the two elderly gentlemen having a conversation. The first says, “I’m getting worried about my memory. I find myself standing next to the bed. Was I getting up or lying down? I’m holding the refrigerator door. Was I opening or closing it? I’m at my front door. Was I going in or going out?” The second gentleman says “Well I’m sharp as a tack. Haven’t lost a thing. Never will”. He knocks on wood for good luck, turns around and says, “who is it?”
Informational overload, our brains can only process so much information at once. When you’re bombarded with emails, texts, social media alerts, and sensory overloads in general, your mind struggles to keep up. Important details start to slip through the cracks, such as the failure to flush the toilet. So, absent-mindedness is characterized by a temporary lapse in attention or memory, for a variety of reasons, often resulting in forgetfulness or a lack of awareness of one’s immediate surroundings like pouring dish soap powder on your spaghetti instead of parmesan cheese while engrossed in a Discovery Channel documentary on the courtship rituals of the Pacific Walrus on your TV. It’s not the same as Attention Deficit Disorder, which is a more persistent condition. Sometimes there is a failure to empty your pockets before doing the laundry as paper money, (coins make a lot of noise in the dryer…..is this money laundering?) receipts, iPhone, pet chihuahua, etc. join with your clothes in the washer. Confession, some years ago I found out that iPods were not waterproof. Even putting it in the dryer after the wash cycle didn’t help. “I must be getting absent-minded. Whenever I complain that things aren't what they used to be, I always forget to include myself.”…..George Burns……..
Absent-mindedness is typically temporary and doesn’t significantly impair overall cognitive function. It’s more like a brief hiccup, well in many cases several hiccups, in our mental processes, a momentary disconnect between our attention and our surroundings. You’re thinking about the day ahead and instead of milk, you pour the orange juice into the bowl of oatmeal. Never happened to me. Doesn’t taste that bad though.
We’ve all been there – that moment of angst when you can’t remember where you parked your car in a parking lot and you walk up and down aisles of cars clicking your key fob so your car horn will honk and you realize the car is two rows over, or the sinking feeling when you realize you’ve forgotten an important deadline or phone call. These lapses in memory and attention are not just annoying. They can have real consequences in our personal and professional lives like if you are on a cliff or edge of precipice or too close to a geyser. You were talking to someone and didn’t pay attention to the warning signs. You take a selfie. You fall off/down/in. You die.
At its core, absent-mindedness is intimately tied to the workings of attention and memory. Our brains are constantly bombarded with information, and our attention acts as a filter, deciding what’s important enough to focus on. When this filter falters, or when our working memory becomes overloaded, that’s when absent-mindedness tends to rear its head. During Covid, you search online for the increasingly scarce antibacterial hand sanitizer wipes. You find them! Excited at your find, you order that pack of 200. Great price too. You didn’t pay attention to the size. They are ½” x ½”. Never happened to me. Good for cleaning your thumbnail though. I know someone who still has 180 or so left if you’re interested.
As we’ve said (we have to repeat it so you won’t forget), absent-mindedness is a thought bias that happens when people “zone out” (open eye coma) and make mistakes in daily life (Broadbent, Cooper, FitzGerald, & Parkes, 1982). The mistakes can be anything related to a lack of attention, e.g., mistaking liquid hand sanitizer for eyedrops. Never happened to me. Note, it really hurts.
Dictionaries define absentmindedness as an adjective: Unprepared or not paying attention. Synonyms includeoblivious, faraway, dreamy, distracted, abstracted, absent-minded, absent, ditzy, unmindful, heedless, distrait, preoccupied. You’ve boarded the plane from Paris to New York. You survived the ordeal of security. Have I removed all the metal from my person? You’ve bought overpriced items at the Duty-Free Store but at least you didn’t pay duty. You’ve survived the cacophony of sound in the waiting area. Your get on the correct line – section 3. You have your passport ready. You just want to get on the plane and go. You board the plane. Will there be space in the overhead bin? You find your seat. No one is in it. There is space in left in the overhead bin. The tension has eased, and you can finally relax. You reach in your shoulder bag to get your iPad. It’s not there! You can’t find your iPad! Frantically, you search your bag. Not there. You stand up. Perhaps you sat on it. It is nowhere around your seat. You ask if you can leave the plane to look for it as boarding has just commenced. No, you can’t. But wait, a compassionate flight attendant allows you a few, escorted by him, minutes for a quick search. You desperately check your seat and surrounding area in the lounge, and the last shop you visited. Not there. The flight attendant looks at his watch. You get back on the plane. After takeoff you reach in your bag for a paperback book. There, nestled underneath the book is the iPad. You missed it during your highly agitated rummaging. After the fuss you made while searching you don’t want to take it out and have the flight attendants see you using it. You make the entire trip without using the iPad. We’re not mentioning names Carol.
When you are not paying attention to the task at hand, the memory is not encoded and stored, which means you’ll have a hard time recalling it. Although we believe ourselves to be talented multitaskers, the human brain is not wired to direct full attention to more than one task at a time. As a result, errors occur whether they are conscious or not. Other times, our desire to attend to a task is minimal resulting in low attentional resource allocation and higher rates of cognitive failure. You miss your exit while driving because you were searching for Elvis’ recording of Do the Clam on Spotify. Remember that the attention you are giving to each task is not equivalent. When you multitask one task suffers, and mistakes occur. Moral of the story… stay focused on one task at a time!
“I checked all around my house frantically for my glasses and couldn't find them ..until I realized that I was actually wearing them.” ……..A countless number of people over a countless number of years.
Our attention has limited capacity. When we are focusing on a specific behavior or activity, we end up paying little attention to other actions or events in our surroundings such as when deep in thought while walking you accidentally march into a glass door. Most of us simply need to declutter our lives which is, of course, easier said than done. In fact we will probably forget to continue decluttering tomorrow unless we put little post it reminders to declutter all over the house. Thus, adding more clutter. We can try to focus on the moment; manage stress; improve sleep, exercise and nutrition; and use cues and schedules to limit errors of absent-mindedness. Yes, we have all done it – forgotten someone’s name, left the house keys in the house, put something in the wrong drawer and spent forever looking for it, or that misplaced the car in the parking lot. And in all likelihood, we’ll do it again……… really soon.
Lastly, Margaret related to me a story that she once saw on the internet. Quite a few years ago, a woman went into a small ice cream parlor in her Connecticut town. As she walked to the counter, she saw the famous, and handsome actor, Paul Newman sitting alone at a table enjoying an ice cream. Determined to be casual about it, she continued to the counter and ordered an ice cream cone. Conspicuously pretending she didn’t see PAUL NEWMAN, she got her cone, paid, and collected her change. When she got outside, she realized that she didn’t have her ice cream cone. She ran back inside and looked for her cone on the counter. It wasn’t there. From his table, Paul Newman said, “you put it in your purse”.
“What a waste it is to lose one's mind. Or not to have a mind is being very wasteful. How true that is.” …….Dan Quayle
Sources:
https://web.colby.edu/cogblog/2018/04/26/absent-mindedness-no-you-are-not-a-good-multitasker/
https://www.eachbrainmatters.org/post/absent-mindedness
https://www.sambarecovery.com/rehab-blog/average-human-attention-span-statistics
https://www.believeinmind.com/personality/what-causes-absent-mindedness/
https://neurolaunch.com/absent-mindedness-psychology/
Picture from https://me.me/t/uninterested